How is Anaphylaxis Treated?
The initial treatment of anaphylaxis includes the removal of the offending allergen (remove the bee stinger; stop taking the medication; remove the latex from the person’s body, etc.), as well as the use of various medications, such as injectable epinephrine, antihistamines and corticosteroids. Epinephrine is the drug of choice for the initial treatment of anaphylaxis, and is available in self-injectable kits (such as the Epi-Pen) for people who are prone to anaphylaxis to carry with them. These people should also consider wearing a Medic-Alert bracelet so that medical personnel can quickly identify their condition in an emergency.Antihistamines are the next most important medication used to treat the acute symptoms of anaphylaxis. Typically, these antihistamines can be given in oral forms; more severe cases of anaphylaxis may require injected or intravenous antihistamines, such as Benadryl (diphenhydramine).
The use of corticosteroids, in oral, injected or intravenous form, may be useful in the prevention of prolonged or recurrent symptoms of anaphylaxis. However, these medications are not likely to help the immediate symptoms of anaphylaxis.
The prevention of future anaphylaxis is often the job of an allergist, who can help a person identify the cause of the reaction, as well as how to avoid future exposures. In the case of venom allergy, immunotherapy can be given to cure the allergy. In the case of IV contrast dye allergy, the use of preventative medications, including antihistamines and corticosteroids, can help to reduce or prevent anaphylaxis if future doses of IV dye are needed.
In rare circumstances, antihistamines and corticosteroids may need to be given on a daily basis in order to prevent symptoms of anaphylaxis.
Sources:
Lieberman P, Kemp SF, Oppenheimer J, et al. The Diagnosis and Management of Anaphylaxis: An Updated Practice Parameter. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 115:S483-523.
Kemp SF, Lockey RF. Anaphylaxis: A Review of Causes and Mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 110:341-8.
DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this site is for educational purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for personal care by a licensed physician. Please see your physician for diagnosis and treatment of any concerning symptoms or medical condition.
